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English Language Arts · Consonant Sounds
/h/ Sound
The /h/ sound — like in 'hat', 'hen', and 'heart'
/h/ Sound
/h/ — How to say it
Mouth position: Open your mouth slightly and just breathe out — no voice needed! Your throat is open and relaxed.
💨 Voiceless — just a breath of air.
/h/ words:
- 🎩 hat
- 🌡️ hot
- 🐔 hen
- ❤️ heart
Practice: Breathe on your hand — that warm air is the /h/ sound!
English Language Arts · Consonant Sounds
/wh/ Sound
The /wh/ sound — like in 'whistle', 'whisk', and 'when'
/wh/ Sound
/wh/ — How to say it
Mouth position: Same rounded lips as /w/, but push out a puff of air first — like blowing out a candle!
💨 Breathy — starts with a puff of air.
/wh/ words:
- 🔴 whistle
- 🥄 whisk
- 🕐 when
- 💡 why
Did you know? The question words who, what, where, when, why all start with /wh/!
English Language Arts · Consonant Sounds
/w/ Sound
The /w/ sound — like in 'water' and 'window'
/w/ Sound
/w/ — How to say it
Mouth position: Round your lips into a small circle — like you're about to whistle! Then open your mouth as you make the sound.
🔊 Voiced — throat vibrates.
/w/ words:
- 💧 water
- 🧭 west
- 🏆 win
- 🪟 window
Practice: Make a fish face, then say 'wuuu'!
English Language Arts · Consonant Sounds
/ŋ/ Sound (ng)
The /ŋ/ sound — like in 'ring', 'sing', and 'swing'
/ŋ/ Sound (ng)
/ŋ/ — How to say it
Mouth position: Press the back of your tongue to the roof of your mouth (like /g/), then let air come out through your nose. Your mouth stays almost closed.
🔊 Voiced nasal — air goes out the nose.
/ŋ/ words:
- 💍 ring
- 🪶 wing
- ↔️ long
- 🪃 swing
/ŋ/ almost always comes at the END of a word — look for '-ng'!
English Language Arts · Consonant Sounds
/g/ Sound
The /g/ sound — like in 'girl', 'gate', and 'log'
/g/ Sound
/g/ — How to say it
Mouth position: Same as /k/ — back of tongue to roof of mouth — but add your voice!
🔊 Voiced — throat vibrates.
/g/ words:
- 👧 girl
- 🚪 gate
- ☕ mug
- 🪵 log
Tip: /k/ is the quiet twin, /g/ is the loud twin — feel your throat!
Bible · Prayer
The Lord's Prayer
The prayer Jesus taught His disciples.
The Lord's Prayer
Matthew 6:9–13 (ESV)
Our Father in heaven, hallowed be your name. Your kingdom come, your will be done, on earth as it is in heaven. Give us this day our daily bread, and forgive us our debts, as we also have forgiven our debtors. And lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil.
This prayer has six parts: praise, surrender, provision, forgiveness, guidance, and protection. It's a model — not a magic formula — for how to talk to God.
English Language Arts · Consonant Sounds
/k/ Sound
The /k/ sound — like in 'kite', 'cat', and 'rock'
/k/ Sound
/k/ — How to say it
Mouth position: Press the back of your tongue to the roof of your mouth, then release with a burst of air. No voice!
🔇 No voice — just air.
/k/ words:
- 🪁 kite
- 🐱 cat
- 😷 mask
- 🪨 rock
Spelling tip: /k/ can be spelled k, c, or ck (like 'rock')!
Art · Color Theory
Primary vs. Secondary Colors
Three colors make every other color.
Primary vs. Secondary Colors
Primary colors can't be made by mixing other colors:
- 🔴 Red
- 🔵 Blue
- 🟡 Yellow
Secondary colors come from mixing two primaries:
- Red + Blue = Purple
- Blue + Yellow = Green
- Red + Yellow = Orange
Mix a primary with its neighboring secondary to get tertiary colors (like red-orange or blue-green).
English Language Arts · Consonant Sounds
/r/ Sound
The /r/ sound — like in 'run' and 'red'
/r/ Sound
/r/ — How to say it
Mouth position: Curl the tip of your tongue up and back — but don't let it touch anything! Round your lips slightly.
🔊 Voiced — throat vibrates.
/r/ words:
- 🔴 red
- 🏃 run
- 🦀 crab
- 🚰 faucet / tap
Practice: Say 'rrrr' like a pirate or a car engine!
Social Studies · American Revolution
The American Revolution
How 13 colonies became a new nation.
The American Revolution
The American Revolution (1775–1783) was the war where 13 American colonies fought for independence from Great Britain.
Key causes:
- "No taxation without representation" — colonists had no voice in Parliament
- The Stamp Act, Boston Tea Party, and Intolerable Acts
Key moments:
- 1776: Declaration of Independence
- 1777: Saratoga (turning point — France joins)
- 1781: Yorktown (British surrender)
- 1783: Treaty of Paris — USA is officially free
English Language Arts · Consonant Sounds
/y/ Sound
The /y/ sound — like in 'yellow' and 'yes'
/y/ Sound
/y/ — How to say it
Mouth position: Spread your lips wide like a big smile! Your tongue is near the top of your mouth. Push air out with your voice.
🔊 Voiced — throat vibrates.
/y/ words:
- 💛 yellow
- ✅ yes
- 😋 yummy
- ⛵ yacht
- 📅 year
Practice: Smile big and say 'yyyyyy'!
English · Parts of Speech
The 8 Parts of Speech
Every word in English fits into one of 8 categories.
The 8 Parts of Speech
Every word you write is one of these:
- Noun — person, place, thing, idea (dog, city, freedom)
- Pronoun — replaces a noun (he, she, it, they)
- Verb — action or being (run, is, jumped)
- Adjective — describes a noun (blue, tall, happy)
- Adverb — describes a verb (quickly, very, yesterday)
- Preposition — shows relationship (in, on, under, between)
- Conjunction — joins words or clauses (and, but, because)
- Interjection — expresses emotion (Wow! Ouch! Hooray!)
English Language Arts · Consonant Sounds
/j/ Sound
The /j/ sound — like in 'jar' and 'jump'
/j/ Sound
/j/ — How to say it
Mouth position: Start like /ch/ — tongue to the roof of the mouth — but add your voice!
🔊 Voiced — throat vibrates.
/j/ words:
- 🫙 jar
- 🏃♀️ jog
- ✈️ jet
- 📒 journal
Tip: Touch your throat — /ch/ is quiet, /j/ makes it vibrate!
Science · Water Cycle
The Water Cycle
Water never leaves Earth — it just keeps cycling.
The Water Cycle
The water cycle has four main stages:
- Evaporation — heat from the sun turns liquid water into vapor that rises.
- Condensation — vapor cools high up and forms clouds.
- Precipitation — water falls back as rain, snow, sleet, or hail.
- Collection — water gathers in oceans, lakes, rivers, and underground.
Then it starts all over again. The water you drink today may have been drunk by a dinosaur!
English Language Arts · Consonant Sounds
/ch/ Sound
The /ch/ sound — like in 'chicken' and 'chips'
/ch/ Sound
/ch/ — How to say it
Mouth position: Press your tongue to the roof of your mouth, then release with a small burst of air — like a little sneeze!
🔇 No voice — just a burst of air.
/ch/ words:
- 🐔 chicken
- 🍟 chips
- 💬 chat
- 🍱 lunchbox
Practice: Say 'ch-ch-ch' like a train!
Science · Photosynthesis
How Photosynthesis Works
Plants turn sunlight, water, and air into food.
How Photosynthesis Works
Photosynthesis is how plants make their own food.
Ingredients:
- ☀️ Sunlight
- 💧 Water (from roots)
- 🌬️ Carbon dioxide (from air)
What happens:
- Leaves trap sunlight using chlorophyll (the green stuff).
- Energy splits water molecules.
- The pieces recombine with CO₂ to make glucose (sugar food).
- Oxygen is released as a bonus — that's what we breathe!
Math · Fractions
Equivalent Fractions
Same amount, different look — 1/2 = 2/4 = 4/8.
Equivalent Fractions
Equivalent fractions name the same amount using different numbers.
Multiply or divide both the numerator and denominator by the same number:
- 1/2 × 2/2 = 2/4
- 1/2 × 3/3 = 3/6
- 4/8 ÷ 4/4 = 1/2
The key: whatever you do to the top, do to the bottom.
English Language Arts · Consonant Sounds
/zh/ Sound
The /zh/ sound — like in 'treasure' and 'measure'
/zh/ Sound
/zh/ — How to say it
Mouth position: Same shape as /sh/, but add your voice! Your throat should vibrate.
🔊 Voiced — throat vibrates.
/zh/ words:
- 📺 television
- 🟤 beige
- 💥 explosion
- 📏 measure
/zh/ is often hidden in the MIDDLE of a word — listen carefully!
Math · Fractions
What Are Fractions?
A fraction names a part of a whole — like slicing a pizza.
What Are Fractions?
A fraction describes equal parts of a whole.
- Numerator (top): how many parts you have
- Denominator (bottom): how many equal parts the whole is cut into
Example: 3/4 means 3 out of 4 equal slices.
Fractions let us describe amounts that aren't whole numbers — half a cup, a quarter of an hour, three-eighths of a mile.
English Language Arts · Consonant Sounds
/sh/ Sound
The /sh/ sound — like in 'shell' and 'sheep'
/sh/ Sound
/sh/ — How to say it
Mouth position: Pull your lips slightly forward, leave a small gap between your teeth, and push air through — like telling someone to be quiet!
🔇 No voice — just air.
/sh/ words:
- 🐚 shell
- 🛒 shopping cart
- 🐟 fish
- 🍽️ dish
/sh/ can come at the beginning OR end of a word!